- Texas's 18th Congressional District holds a special runoff election today between Democrats Christian Menefee and Amanda Edwards, replacing late Rep. Sylvester Turner (died March 2025).
- Winner sworn in immediately, narrowing GOP House majority from 218-213 to 218-214, heightening Speaker Mike Johnson's control challenges on party-line votes.
- November primary featured 16 candidates; no majority led to runoff under current district lines, despite new Republican-redrawn maps for 2026 midterms.
- District is safely Democratic, anchored in Houston; weather disrupted early voting, prompting court extension.
- Additional US House special elections in NJ, GA and CA loom, further pressuring GOP attendance amid vacancies.
Houston (Washington Insider Magazine) January 31, 2026 – Voters in Texas's 18th Congressional District are choosing between two Democrats in a special runoff election on Saturday, narrowing the Republicans' 218-213 House majority to 218-214 once the winner is sworn in. The contest to replace the late Democratic Rep. Sylvester Turner, who died in March 2025, follows a November primary where no candidate secured a majority from a field of 16. Harris County Attorney Christian Menefee and former Houston City Council member Amanda Edwards, the top two finishers, are competing under the current district lines, despite new maps redrawn for 2026 midterms.
The special election has drawn attention for its impact on the fragile Republican majority in the US House of Representatives, where Speaker Mike Johnson and leadership have urged members to maintain attendance amid a series of vacancies and upcoming special elections. The district, anchored in downtown Houston and surrounding areas with a majority-minority electorate, has been vacant for nearly a year, leaving residents without representation for 13 of the past 18 months.
Texas 18th District Runoff Narrows Republican House Control
Polling stations in Texas's 18th Congressional District opened for 12 hours until 7 p.m. Central Time on Saturday for the special runoff election between Democrats Christian Menefee and Amanda Edwards. The winner will fill the vacancy left by Rep. Sylvester Turner until the new Congress convenes in January 2027.
Menefee, Harris County's first Black county attorney since ousting an incumbent in 2020, represents the county in civil cases and has pursued legal challenges against President Donald Trump's executive orders on immigration. Edwards served four years on Houston City Council starting in 2016, ran for US Senate in 2020 finishing fifth in a 12-person primary, challenged Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee in the 2024 primary, and sought nomination after Lee's death.
In the November all-parties primary, Menefee led Edwards, but Edwards gained the endorsement of third-place finisher State Rep. Jolanda Jones, who cited Edwards' skills as suited to confront Trump. Menefee received backing from prominent Texas Democrats including former Rep. Beto O'Rourke and Rep. Jasmine Crockett.
Texas Republican Gov. Greg Abbott scheduled the initial primary for November, eight months after Turner's March 2025 death, citing preparation needs by Houston officials, though Democrats criticised the delay as extending GOP House control. The district remains safely Democratic.
Succession Chain Traces to Sheila Jackson Lee's Death
The vacancy stems from the death of longtime Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee on 4 July 2024. Harris County Democrats narrowly nominated then-Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner over Edwards to complete Lee's term; Turner, a former state lawmaker who served two mayoral terms, won election in 2024 but died just over two months later in March 2025.
The seat has been unoccupied since Turner's passing, prompting the special election process under state law requiring a primary and potential runoff. Other November primary candidates included minister Feldon Bonner II, healthcare software engineer Stephen Huey, State Rep. Jolanda Jones, government consultant Isaiah Martin and philanthropist Valencia Williams.
Redistricting Complicates Future District Contests
The special election uses current district boundaries, while Texas Republicans redrew maps last summer for 2026 midterms, aiming to gain five House seats including changes in Houston. The new 18th District became more Democratic, absorbing parts of the 9th; Rep. Al Green's residence shifted into it from the 9th.
A federal court initially blocked the maps as likely unconstitutional gerrymandering, but the US Supreme Court overturned the ruling, allowing implementation for 2026. Both Menefee and Edwards filed for the 3 March Democratic primary in the redrawn 18th for the full term starting 2027, facing Green, who has represented since 2004.
Menefee noted the dual campaigns due to Trump's and Abbott's map changes, while Edwards focused on one race at a time amid voter confusion.
Winter Weather Disrupts Early Voting Process
Winter weather forced cancellation of two days of advance voting, leading civil rights groups to secure a court-ordered two-day extension into Thursday. Menefee campaigned door-to-door, greeting voters personally and using FaceTime with families at polling sites.
Edwards connected with residents on issues tied to the year's delays.
GOP Leadership Faces Mounting Attendance Pressures
Republicans hold a 218-213 House majority, reduced by Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene's resignation and Rep. Doug LaMalfa's death; the Texas winner will make it 218-214. Speaker Mike Johnson warned members against risks, urging vitamins and presence; Majority Whip Tom Emmer's office expects attendance except in life-or-death cases.
Johnson can afford only one Republican defection on party-line votes post-election.
Additional Special Elections Add Uncertainty
Three more special elections loom: New Jersey's 11th on 5 February Democratic primary (11 candidates), general 16 April against Republican Randolph Mayor Joe Hathaway; leans Democratic as ex-Rep. Mikie Sherrill won by 15 points.
Georgia's 14th: 22 candidates including 17 Republicans on one ballot 7 April; if no majority, runoff 7 April; solidly Republican, Greene won by 30 points, Trump by 37.
California's 1st: 2 June primary including special, general 4 August under current lines; solidly Republican; Gov. Gavin Newsom criticised for August timing.
White House and Republicans faulted Newsom's delay, as Democrats did Abbott's.
District Demographics and Historical Context
Texas's 18th, historic and minority-majority, centres on Houston; safely Democratic. Redistricting shifted dynamics for full-term race.
Federal Election Commission issued reporting guidance for the runoff. Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee highlighted Republican concerns ahead.
The Saturday outcome will immediately affect House proceedings, with the winner sworn to serve until January 2027.