Donald Trump’s second term as president began in January 2025, and it has dramatically reshaped American domestic politics, as Trump refashioned GOP leadership, executive authority, and priorities in policy. Trump’s new presidency came with a Republican Party trifecta at the federal level, controlling the Presidency, the House, and the Senate, and allowing Trump to create a functioning method of government with a very bold administration.
One of the most distinctive aspects of Trump 2.0 is the aggressive exercise of executive authority. In the first eight months of his presidency, Trump implemented over 200 executive orders, many meant to weaken Congress's powers and speed up implementation of his presidential agenda. Again, there were continuing tensions between Trump’s efforts to expand presidential powers and the judiciary, especially with both executive orders and bureaucratic implementation of executive orders. An example of this was Trump’s attempt to federalize National Guard troops during civil unrest, resulting in contentious court battles, and renewal of conversations about the separation of executive power and judicial review.
Moreover, policies reflected Trump's “America First” ideals in widespread and strict enforcement of immigration policy, such as in the Laken Riley Act limiting birthright citizenship in the U.S. and expanding ICE raids across the country. Trump also created the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), briefly under the direction of Elon Musk, as a way to downsize and restructure government agencies, with proposals to eliminate Departments, such as U.S. AID.
Domestic political landscape and policy agenda
The Trump administration created the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), overseen for a time by Elon Mush, which sought to restrict the size and function of the federal government by cutting civil servant jobs and disbanding agencies like the U.S. AID.
In the economy, Trump reinstated trade policies based on protectionism, imposing tariffs on Canada, Mexico, and China, and attempting to spur the domestic manufacturing sector but causing friction with our trade partners. The expansion of fossil fuel exploration grew rapidly and previous climate commitments were abandoned. Funding for foreign aid and science budgets were dramatically cut, while tax cuts prevailed for corporations and middle wage earners along with conversations about reforming the Federal Reserve and currency policy. President Trump pushed the limits on the ideological divide while solidifying his base.
Republican Party leadership dynamics
Donald Trump’s effect has,without a doubt, transformed the Republican Party, taking it deep into hardline “America First” positions that dominate GOP politics. His approach to leadership and policy have become synonymous with the party itself and have had an immediate impact on the party's leadership, legislative priorities, and electoral strategies.
Expansion of executive authority and judicial challenges
In Donald Trump's second presidency, which commenced in January 2025, he expanded the executive branch's authority by signing more executive orders and proclamations than any president in history to bypass congressional gridlock and swiftly implement elements of his administration's agenda. By the end of 2025, Trump had signed more than 210 executive orders and an assortment of memoranda and proclamations touching on a range of issues from immigration and energy policy to national security.
A key feature of this expansion of executive power has been the issuing of executive orders to carry out strict immigration policies, including re-establishment of vetting standards from the former administration, travel bans from countries considered security threats, and limitations on work visas, such as H-1B visas. For example, in a presidential proclamation in June of 2025, Trump issued a full travel ban from twelve countries, as well as partial bans from another seven countries, which was meant to restrict the ingress of people considered a possible risk. This reinstated and expanded on earlier policies instituted during Trump's prior term.
In energy, Trump pushed aggressively for fossil fuel development, supporting the coal industry in the name of national security, while also rolling back environmental regulations that had been put in place by the previous administrations. Executive orders required state and federal agencies to sunset existing regulatory rule on energy projects unless specifically authorized by Congress. This was a significant step toward dismantling the progress of policies that were designed to wean the nation off coal and fossil fuels.
National security orders designated extremist groups, such as Antifa, as domestic terrorist groups thereby tasking all associated agencies to seek out and disrupt their activities. The federal government took a more forceful position in suppressing civil unrest through controversial means, including sending federalized National Guard troops into states against the wishes of their governors which led to justification and legal challenges around issues of separation of powers and states' rights.
Election strategy and the 2026 midterms
Trump's election strategy through the 2026 midterms honed in on controlling the election infrastructure, restricting voters' ability to vote (such as mail-in ballots), and controlling the redistricting process to advantage Republicans against the demographic changes threatening the Republican party from traditional perspectives of loyalty and favorability voters. These strategies are intended to insure the Republican party's majority hold on Congress amidst continued shifts in the voting base as identified across several indicators in various relevant demographic changes both at the state and national levels.
President Trump has signaled, beginning in the early months of his second term, that election oversight will sit at the center of the Republican Party’s agenda. The Department of Justice under Trump’s guidance sent election monitors into swing districts during the 2025 local elections, demonstrating both a commitment to ensuring voters remained under close scrutiny, and a strategy of extending scrutiny into the midterms. The Trump administration actively questioned the legitimacy of certain modes of voting, especially mail-in voting, creating perception around voter fraud issues, even with little evidence of problematic mail-in voting, which continued to appeal to fears of voter fraud. Calls to eliminate and/or heavily restrict the use of mail-in voting and stricter voter identification requirements have become increasingly vocal in swing states.
Redistricting has become even more consequential under the influence of Trump. State legislatures, once again, led by Republicans in states such as Texas, North Carolina, and Missouri, have rushed toward aggressive partisan gerrymandering aimed at weakening Democrats and entrenching Republicans in more places than they would have won otherwise. Democrats and civil rights groups have opposed these maps, viewing them as undemocratic and undermining fair representation. California's Proposition 50, became a possible counter to GOP redistricting efforts, as the stakes expanded nationwide.
Broader political and global implications
Globally, Trump's second presidency was transactional, with a reduction in US commitments to multilateral alliances, relying instead on backdoor energy and trade deals that benefited US interests. Domestically, the administration's posture widened political polarization and division in society, raising questions about social cohesion and institutional stability.
Trump 2.0 influence
Donald Trump's second presidency continues to change American politics, law, and policy. It has been marked by bold executive actions, the completion of his transformation of GOP leadership, contested court battles, and a contentious timeline to the elections. The power of the Trump 2.0 brand will again shape the trajectory of the US for some time to come. Despite the clear changes, the elections of 2026 will represent an inflection point that will measure how durable the Trump political brand's impact is on American democracy.